Thursday, July 25, 2013

Blog Activity 8: Final Post


1.      Work with any of the Chemistry Simulations (PhET) and/or develop a demonstration (do a web search, there are many demos out there) to create your own Teaching Ideas. The criteria for this is as follows:
 
a.      Must identify and meet three (3) next generation science education standards within      the K—2 grade band.
 
·      K-2-ETS1-2. Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to                                   illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve                           a given problem.
 
·      2-PS1-3. Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of                              how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and                           made into a new object.
 
·      2-PS1-1. Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify                                     different kinds of materials by their observable properties.
 
b.      Must be original work.
 
c.       Must be scientifically accurate and appropriate for the directed grade level.
 
d.      Must have an accompanying worksheet with at least 7--‐10 questions related to each activity/simulation. Answering these questions should be related to meeting the science standards identified.
 
 
 
 
2.      How do you feel your understanding of science, and chemistry in particular, has changed due to your experiences in this class?
 
            My understanding of science and chemistry has been increased due to this class. Before this class, I saw chemistry as something that didn’t really have an impact in my life. From this class I realize how so many things are reliant on chemicals and chemical properties. From this class I learned things that I can use in my own life relating to density, chemical structure, chemical processes, scientific methods and much more. Overall I think that this class is a great way for students to do hands-on learning and present their ideas and results in a way that is applicable to what we are becoming accustomed to with social media. The chemistry that we learned along the way is more basic level chemistry, but it is these types of things that actually have a purpose in my life and they have only added to my knowledge of everyday things.
 
3.      What was the most challenging concept covered and why?
 
            The most challenging concept for me to learn was gases. This was difficult for me because I understand that different temperatures and pressures have effects on the gases but it is hard for me to relate it to situational analyses.
 
4.      How could you facilitate future learning to your students who might also find learning about science and chemistry challenging?
 
            I have never really enjoyed science in school and it is something that I tend to shy away from. The times that I really enjoyed science were when the learning was activity and inquiry based. I find that when you really get students involved in the process and relate the topics to things that they encounter in their everyday lives you have more of a draw for them to learn. Also I think that taking an investigative approach, almost like a detective, is a great way to engage younger students because they really get into the idea of solving a mystery and the learning becomes more fun for them. Also taking the time to really explain the concepts and make sure that they are retaining and processing the information instead of just going through the motions is essential for teachers to facilitate because then students will feel a sense of achievement when learning the information.
 
5.      As you think about your future in education, give three ways you think you’ll be able to implement the skills you’ve learned in this class (it doesn’t necessarily have to be chemistry content based).
 
            As a marketing and business education major, I do not foresee myself teaching students about chemistry content. However some of the different skills that we learned and applied in this class are things that I could see myself utilizing and implementing into my future lesson plans and classroom activities. First, I think that the problem solving skills that I learned and used in this class are essential in any discipline. When I present case studies to my classes on the topics of marketing and business, I will emphasize the importance of critical thinking, problem solving, and thinking outside of the box. Activities that include critical thinking are important for students because it is something that they will constantly need skills for. Also I plan to implement the use of blogs and other social media in my classroom to facilitate learning and discussion. I think that social media is an effective tool to use in schools because it creates an outlet where students are more willing to share and discuss than if they were doing a worksheet or discussing in class. The blogs that we made had a framework, but we were able to make the postings our own and then see what other people did. Finally, I plan to implement different simulations and hands-on activities for my students. There are multiple business simulations that I can utilize and I think that this is a great way for students to put their skills into practice. When students have a way to get involved with their learning I believe that they retain more and have a better connection to their learning. Even though I will not be teaching science or chemistry, there are things that I have done in this class that I can utilize to create an engaging and effective learning environment for my students.

Blog Activity 7: Gases

Complete the Clicker Questions on Gas Laws in the Teaching Idea “Concept Questions for Chemistry using PhET” posted by Trish Loeblein. Use the PhET simulation Gas Properties to help answer the questions. (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas--‐properties) On your blog post the answers with your scientific explanations to these questions.
 
1. There are 2 balloons in a room. They are identical in size and material. One balloon is filled with air and the other balloon is filled with Helium. How does the pressure of the air balloon compare to the pressure of the Helium balloon. The pressure in the air balloon is:
  •   C: (greater) The pressure in the air balloon is greater because the air balloon is denser. The helium is less dense meaning it has less pressure. 
2. How does the pressure in the Helium balloon compare to the pressure of the air in the room? The pressure in the Helium balloon is
  • A: (less) The pressure in the Helium balloon is less than the pressure of the air because that is what makes the helium balloon float into the air. If the pressure was the same as the air, or greater than the air, the balloon would not float. 
3. How do the number of air molecules in the air balloon compare to the number of He atoms in Helium balloon?
  • A: (less) The number of air molecules is less than the helium atoms because air molecules take up more space due to the fact that air molecules are bigger than helium molecules. 
4. How does the average speed of the Helium molecules compare to that of the air molecules?
The average speed of the He molecules is
  • C: (greater) The speed of the helium molecules is faster because the helium molecules are smaller and are able to move around faster and in smaller openings to travel around inside of the balloon.  
5. What will happen to the pressure if temp is held constant and the volume is decreased? 
  • B. (Pressure goes up because more collisions are happening, but same force per collision) On the simulation, when I decreased the volume, the pressure went up. More collisions are occurring, but the force per collision is the same because there is less room for the molecules to move around in in the container. Boyle’s Law says that at constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. 
6. You are flying from Denver to Boston, and you bring along a ½ full bottle of shampoo that was well sealed before you left Denver. You land in Boston and proceed to your hotel. The number of air molecules within the shampoo bottle: 
  • B: (has stayed the same) Since the bottle was sealed, the change in the altitude, and therefore the change in air pressure, in Boston did not affect the number of molecules inside the bottle.  
7. If the walls of the shampoo bottle are strong and rigid so that the bottle has the same shape as before you left, how does the pressure of the air inside the bottle compare to the pressure of the air in Denver? 
  • B: (equal to) The bottle originated in Denver, so the pressure inside the bottle is the same as the pressure of e air in Denver 
8. How does the pressure inside the bottle compare to the pressure of the air in Boston.
  •  A: (less than) The pressure in Denver is lower since Denver is at a higher altitude. Boston has a higher pressure since it is at a lower altitude which makes the pressure inside the bottle less as it was filled in Denver.  
9. If you had a water bottle with very soft sides. When you open your suitcase in Boston, the bottle would look 
  • A: (squished) This occurs because the pressure in the air is greater than the pressure in the bottle. This is pushing the bottle inward until the inside molecules can exert the same amount of pressure outward.

Blog Activity 6: Acids and Bases


"Concept Questions for Chemistry Using PhET" by Trish Loeblein
"Clicker Questions pH Scale"

1.       False. The color of the actual solution does not determine if it is an acid, base, or neutral. The color that the litmus paper (a tool to measure acidity, basicity, or neutrality) turns determines if it is acidic or basic. If the litmus turns blue, the solution is basic; if the litmus turns red, the solution is acidic. 

2.       D (More than one). Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7 on the pH scale. Both B and C have a pH higher than 7, indicating that they are basic. 

3.       C. Solution C has a high concentration of H3O+ which indicates that the solution is acidic.  

4.       B. Solution B has a high concentration of OH-, which indicates basicity. Solution A is neutral which equal parts of H3O+ and OH-, and Solution C is acidic because it has higher levels of H3O+.

5.       D. (More than one) Both A and B have high enough levels to be acidic. Since 10^16 is neutral and both of these solutions have H3O+ concentrations higher than this which makes them acidic.  

6.       A. Adding water increases the pH because the water has a pH of 7 and the solution has a pH of 5. Adding more water lessens the acidity and makes the pH increase. The water deludes the acidity to make it more neutral. 

7.       B. Adding an equal amount of water will dilute the base, causing the pH to decrease. The pH of the solution (pH=10) is higher than the pH of the water (pH=7), so the pH decreases when you add an equal amount of water to bring the pH of the solution to about 9.7.

8.       A. (A,B,C)  This is the order from most acidic to most basic because A has the lowest pH at 6.50, B has the middle pH at 7.40, and C has the highest pH at 12.06.

9.       E. (C,A,B) This is the order from most acidic to most basic because C has the lowest pH and is the most acidic, A has the middle pH and is neutral, and B has the highest pH and is the most basic.  

10.   A. Since the pH is over 7, we know that something has been added to make the equilibrium shift left. The pH is inversely related to H3O+, and if something reacted with it, then the pH goes up.

 "Intro to Strong and Weak Acids and Bases" by Chris Bires

 



 

Blog Activity 5: States of Matter

 
1. Convert 0°F, 32°F, 70°F, and 212°F to Kelvin
  • 0°F = 255.372 Kelvin
  • 32°F = 273.15 Kelvin
  • 70°F = 294.261 Kevin
  • 212°F = 373.15 Kelvin  
2. Complete the Teaching Idea: States of Matter Simulation Lab by Kelly Vaughan. Complete the lab worksheet as if you were a student, and then post this on your blog. You can scan it or just take a picture of it. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. In the States of Matter simulation, choose the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Tab at the top of the screen. Choose the water molecule and cool the water to 0 K. Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms? 
  •  At 0 K, the water molecules are very attracted to each other and are all touching. None of them are moving and the white atoms are attracted to the other white atoms.
 
4. Switch to the Phase Changes Tab on the States of Matter simulation. Notice how on the bottom right there is a small red dot that indicates where the system is at as far as temperature, pressure and state of matter. Play with the simulation to notice changes, notice that when you push down the pressure can go way up and explode the box. On your blog, report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. This is sometimes how the oxygen exists in pressurized oxygen tanks, perhaps like ones you may use to go diving. 
  •  Temperature: 123k Pressure: 1.3 ATM 

5. List and describe at least two Science Standards that this activity addresses. 
  • C.8.4 Use inferences to help decide possible results of their investigations, use observations to check their inferences 
  • C.8.9 Evaluate, explain, and defend the validity of questions, hypotheses, and conclusions to their investigations 
  • D.8.1 Observe, describe, and measure physical and chemical properties of elements and other substances to identify and group them according to properties such as density, melting points, boiling points, conductivity, magnetic attraction, solubility, and reactions to common physical and chemical tests  
  • D.8.2 Use the major ideas of atomic theory and molecular theory to describe physical and chemical interactions among substances, including solids, liquids, and gases  
  • D.8.3 Understand how chemical interactions and behaviors lead to new substances with different properties

Sunday, July 21, 2013

Blog Activity 4: Density


1.       Run the Build an Atom simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build--‐an--‐atom and build a neutral lithium atom and a neutral boron atom. Take a picture, or a screen shot, of these two atoms and place them on your blog. List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each. Also look up and post the density for each of the elements on your blog. 

                Neutral Lithium Atom:
                                Protons: 3
                                Neutrons: 4
                                Electrons: 3
                                Density: 0.534 g/cm3

   
                            
                Neutral Boron Atom:
                                Protons: 5
                                Neutrons: 6
                                Electrons: 5
                               Density: 2.34 g/cm3


2.       Define density and the equation for density and post on your blog.
                Density is the mass per unit of volume.
                                Density=          Mass        
                                                  Volume 

3.       Run the Density simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/density and complete one activity of the prepared Teaching Ideas and post your results on your blog. The activity you choose should be one of the student intended activities.
 
                I did the Density and Buoyancy activity by Milton Johnson. It is included below.
 

 

 
 
 


 

4.       Complete the Mystery Blocks activity on the Density simulation. Post on your blog the data you collected (mass, volume, and density) and the identification of the material and the known density.
 
Material
 
Mass (kg)
 
Volume (L)
 
Density (kg/L)
 
Identification
 
A
65.14 kg
3.38 L
19.27 kg/L
Gold
 
B
0.64 kg
1.00 L
0.64 kg/L
Apple
 
C
4.08 kg
5.83 L
0.7 kg/L
Gasoline
 
D
3.10 kg
3.38 L
0.92 kg/L
Ice
 
E
3.53 kg
1.00 L
3.53 kg/L
Diamond

5.       Identify and post on your blog the Science Standards that could be met through these activities completed in Activity 5.               

C.8.1 Identify* questions they can investigate* using resources and equipment they have available  

C.8.3 Design and safely conduct investigations* that provide reliable quantitative or qualitative data, as appropriate, to answer their questions  

C.8.5 Use accepted scientific knowledge, models*, and theories* to explain* their results and to raise further questions about their investigations*  

C.8.8 Use computer software and other technologies to organize, process, and present their data  

             D.8.1 Observe, describe, and measure physical and chemical properties of elements and other substances to identify and group them according to properties such as density, melting points, boiling points, conductivity, magnetic attraction, solubility, and reactions to common physical and chemical tests
                D.8.2 Use the major ideas of atomic theory and molecular theory to describe physical and chemical interactions among substances, including solids, liquids, and gases
                D.8.3 Understand how chemical interactions and behaviors lead to new substances with different properties

 

Blog Activity 3: Molecules and Naming

 
1.   Post a picture of three 3-dimensional Ball and Stick molecular models (choose your three favorite molecules) that you have created with common items around your home. Also post a molecular structure image (image from the web, of either a Kekule Structure or a Ball and Stick Model) and the IUPAC name of the molecule.
·         Propane
     IUPAC Name: Propane


         
  
·         Carbon dioxide
        IUPAC Name: Carbon Dioxide
 
 
·         Formaldehyde
        IUPAC Name: Methanal 
 
2.       Post an image from the web, the chemical systematic (IUPAC) name, common name, and the molecule formula for 20 chemicals that you use or eat. Explore the ingredients of things like cosmetics and foods.
Common Name: Chalk
Chemical name: Calcium carbonate
Molecular Formula: CaCO3
Common Name: Table sugar      
Chemical name: Sucrose                   
Molecular Formula:  C12H22O11
Common Name: Vinegar
Chemical name: Acetic acid
Molecular Formula:  C2H4O2
Common Name: Lighter fluid
Chemical name: Butane
Molecular Formula:  C4H10
Common Name: Baking soda
Chemical name:  Sodium Bicarbonate
Molecular Formula: NaHCO3
Common Name: Table salt          
Chemical name:  Sodium Chloride           
Molecular Formula:  NaCl            

Common Name: Aspirin               
Chemical name:  Acetylsalicylic acid        
Molecular Formula:  C9H8O4
Common Name: Egg shells
Chemical name:  Calcium carbonate       
Molecular Formula:  CaCO3
Common Name: Sand
Chemical name:  Silicon dioxide
Molecular Formula:  SiO2
Common Name: Tums
Chemical name:  Calcium carbonate
Molecular Formula:  CaCO3
Common Name: Bleach
Chemical name:  Hypochlorous acid
Molecular Formula:  HClO

Common Name: Peroxide
Chemical name:  Hydrogen Peroxide
Molecular Formula: H2O2

 
 
 
 
 
·        




Common Name: White glue
Chemical name:  Polyvinyl acetate/poly (1-acetyloxiethylene)
Molecular Formula:  (C4H6O2)
Common Name: Plaster of Paris
Chemical name: Calcium sulfate, hemihydrate
Molecular Formula:  CaSO4·1/2H20
Common Name: Rubbing alcohol
Chemical name:  2-propanol
Molecular Formula:  CH3CHOHCH3
 
Common Name: Cream of tartar
Chemical name:  Potassium Bitartrate
Molecular Formula:  KHC4H4O6
Common Name: Sour Salt (found in yogurt and other foods)      
Chemical name:  Citric acid          
Molecular Formula:  C6H8O7
Common Name: Corn syrup
Chemical name:  Glucose/dextrose
Molecular Formula:  C6H12O6
Common Name: Antiperspirant
Chemical name:  Aluminum chlorohydrate
Molecular Formula:  Al2Cl(OH)5
Common Name: Talcum powder
Chemical name:  Magnesium silicate
Molecular Formula:  Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
3.       Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics, how many bonds does each of   the following elements typically have? Carbon? Hydrogen? Oxygen?
                                Carbon has 4 bonds, hydrogen has 1 bond, and oxygen has 2 bonds.
 

4.       What does IUPAC stand for?
               IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and it is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.
 
5.       As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into molecules. But what about companies that claim their products are chemical free! How can this be? Here is an example:
Do a little web searching and propose what chemicals are actually in this product. Keep in mind, that everything at the molecular level is a chemical, whether it be made in nature or in a lab.
 
Products that claim to be chemical-free are a little misleading. It may sound like there are no chemicals in them at all; however from my discovery of chemical compounds and structures in my everyday household items I know this to be false. These product contain chemicals from naturally occurring chemical substances (eucalyptus oil, enzymes, etc.) Even though they are natural and organic ingredients they still are chemicals. When most people think of chemicals, they think of substances that can harm people and things that we shouldn’t necessarily be putting in our bodies, but really there are chemicals all around us and even in naturally occurring substances.