Beryllium
Model
Fluorine
Model
Hydrogen
Model
1. What is the atomic number for each of your models?
Beryllium: 4
Fluorine: 9
Hydrogen: 1
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of your models?
Beryllium: 9.012182
Fluorine: 18.9984032
Hydrogen: 1.008
3.
In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
The two subatomic
particles that are equal in number are the protons and electrons. These are the positive and negative
charges so they cancel each other out to make a
neutral atom. When an atom has more electrons that protons the atom has a negative charge, when an atom has
more protons than electrons the atom has a positive
charge and these atoms are then called ions.
4.
How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would
change with the model?
Beryllium has 4 protons
and 5 neutrons and an atomic mass of 9. To make an isotope for Beryllium I would need to add one neutron to
the atom to give it an atomic
mass of 10 with 4 protons and 6 neutrons. On my model I would add one red bead to the nucleus.
5.
Considering the overall volume of your element models, what makes
up most of the volume of an atom?
The electrons in the electron cloud make up most of the volume of
an atom. The majority of the atomic
mass, but not the volume, is from the nucleus which includes the protons and neutrons.
6.
For one of your models, show with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.
Beryllium
Model with excited electron
7.
Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe when the electron
returns to the ground-state?
Energy use must be
present for an electron to go back to the ground-state; this energy allows it to produce a photon,
or wave of light when it returns to the ground- state.
8.
Why are some elements different colors when they are excited Hint:
when electrons are excited (by something like heat from an explosive)
they move up to another orbital and when they fall back they release the energy
in the form of light.
Some elements release
different colors of light when they are excited because the amount of energy released from the different
quantities of electrons in different elements.
9.
With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the colors
of fireworks arise.
When a firework is
light by a flame it produces energy that is absorbed by the electrons. This causes the electrons
to go into their excited state and when they return
to their ground-state a light is observed. The different colors of fireworks are
produced from the different chemical
makeup of each firework; the different colors come
from heating different metal salts.
10.
Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table.
The
periodic table of the elements is a tool that scientists use to organize the information about the different chemical
elements in our world. The periodic table has
a different square for each element and each square contains information about the element including its
atomic symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. As you move across the periodic table from left to right, the
atomic number increases. Periodic
tables also often color code the elements to illustrate whether they are a solid, liquid, or gas. The periodic table
organizes elements by groups and periods. The
vertical columns of the periodic table are the groups. The elements included in the group are different but they all
share similar chemical and physical characteristics
because all elements in a group have the same number of outer electrons. The horizontal rows in the
periodic table are called periods and there are seven periods in the periodic table. Along the periods, there
is an incremental change in chemical
properties and this happens because the number of protons and electrons increase as you go across
the periodic table from left to right. The different regions of the periodic table are also sometimes referred to
as blocks; there are four blocks
(s-block, d-block, p-block, and f-block) and this is yet another way to
organize the elements. Classifying elements in with these techniques allows scientists to organize them based
on their properties and predict properties of new elements.
11.
List two example elements for each of these groups or classes:
Alkali Metals: Cesium, Potassium
Alkaline Earth: Magnesium, Beryllium
Halogens: Astatine, Iodine
Noble Gases: Neon, Radon
Transition Metals: Titanium, Silver
Non-Metals:
Selenium, Oxygen
Metalloids:
Arsenic, Germanium
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