Experiment #1:
Question: Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?
Hypothesis: Cold water will freeze faster than hot water.
Materials
used:
·
1 ice cube tray
·
1 tablespoon measurement
·
Hot water
·
Cold water
·
Freezer
·
Labels
Process:
1.
Fill one ice cube
tray compartment with one tablespoon of cold water
2.
Repeat step #1 two
times (make sure you skip every other compartment to avoid influence on each
trial)
3.
Fill one ice cube
tray compartment with one tablespoon of hot water on other side of ice cube
tray
4.
Repeat step #3 two
times (make sure you skip every other compartment to avoid influence on each
trial)
5.
Label each row of
compartments with cold or hot water, respectively
6.
Place ice cube tray
in freezer
7.
Begin stop watch
8.
Record time for
each trial when the water in the ice cube compartment is frozen
Variables: The
independent variable is temperature type of the water; the dependent
variable is the time it takes for the water to freeze.
·
Same tablespoon
measurement
·
Same ice cube tray,
but different compartments which were spaced out every other one so that the
temperatures of one did not affect the other compartments
·
Hot water from the
same source
·
Cold water from the
same source
·
Both hot water and
cold water put into the same freezer at the same time
Results:
|
Cold Water Trials
|
Time it took to freeze
|
Hot Water Trials
|
Time it took to freeze
|
|
#1
|
39 min
|
#1
|
45 min
|
|
#2
|
38 min
|
#2
|
43 min
|
|
#3
|
42 min
|
#3
|
40 min
|
Theory/Conclusion:
Cold water freezes faster than hot water.
Experiment 2:
Question: Does hot water or cold water boil faster?
Hypothesis: I think that cold water boils faster than hot water.
Materials used:
·
1 cup measuring cup
·
Hot water
·
Cold water
·
1 small pot
·
Stop watch
·
Stove
Process:
1.
Fill the measuring cup with 1 cup of cold water, and pour this into the pot
2.
Turn on the burner to high
3.
Begin timing on the stopwatch
4.
Watch the water to see when it beings boiling at
a steady rate
5.
Record the time on the stopwatch
6.
Pour out the water from the pan and let the pan
cool until it is back at room temperature, let stove burner cool to room
temperature
7.
Fill the measuring cup with 1 cup of hot water, and pour this into the pot
8.
Turn on the burner to high
9.
Begin timing on the stopwatch
10.
Watch the water to see when it beings boiling at
a steady rate
11.
Record the time on the stopwatch
12.
Pour out the water from the pan and let the pan
cool until it is back at room temperature, let stove burner cool to room
temperature
13.
Repeat this process two more times
Variables: The independent variable is the temperature of the
water; the dependent variable is the time it takes for the water to boil.
Controlled Variables:
·
Same cup
measurement
·
Same pot
·
Same stove
·
Pan set out to cool
back down to room temperature between each trial
·
Stove burner cooled
to room temperature between each trial
·
Hot water from the
same source
·
Cold water from the
same source
·
Stove burner set to
same heat intensity (high)
Results:
|
Cold Water Trials
|
Time it took to boil
|
Hot Water Trials
|
Time it took to boil
|
|
#1
|
3 min 59 sec
|
#1
|
3 min 30 sec
|
|
#2
|
4 min 05 sec
|
#2
|
3 min 31 sec
|
|
#3
|
3 min 56 sec
|
#3
|
3 min 36 sec
|
Theory/Conclusion: Hot water boils faster than cold water.
These are the materials that I used for my second experiment
for boiling hot and cold water.
Experiment 3:
Question: Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?
Hypothesis: I think that salt water freezes slower than regular water.
Materials Used:
·
Hot water
·
Cold water
·
Salt
·
1 cup (for mixing salt and water)
·
1 tablespoon measuring spoon
·
Ice cube tray
·
Labels
·
Stopwatch
·
Freezer
Process:
1.
Fill 1 ice cube tray compartment with 1
tablespoon of regular water
2.
Repeat step 1 two times (skip every other
compartment to avoid influence on each trial)
3.
Fill cup with water
4.
Add salt to cup
5.
Thoroughly stir the salt and water until salt is
dissolved
6.
Fill 1 ice cube tray compartment with 1
tablespoon of salt water
7.
Repeat step 6 two times (skip every other
compartment to avoid influence on each trial)
8.
Label each row of compartments with regular or
salt water, respectively
9.
Place ice cube tray in freezer
10.
Start stopwatch
11.
Record time for each trial when the water in the
ice cube compartment is frozen
Variables: The independent variable is the type of the water and
the dependent variable is the time.
Controlled Variables:
·
Same tablespoon
measurement
·
Same ice cube tray,
but different compartments which were spaced out every other one so that the
temperatures of one did not affect the other compartments
·
Water from the same
source
·
Both regular water
and salt water put into the same freezer at the same time
·
Salt water was mixed together in the same cup and
mixed until salt was dissolved throughout
Results:
|
Salt Water Trials
|
Time it took to freeze
|
Regular Water Trials
|
Time it took to freeze
|
|
#1
|
69 min
|
#1
|
54 min
|
|
#2
|
72 min
|
#2
|
58 min
|
|
#3
|
73 min
|
#3
|
56 min
|
Theory/Conclusion: Salt water freezes slower than regular water.
7.
Include an Image of the atoms that make up water molecules. (state
references at end)
8.
Include/embed a video or animation that shows how water molecules are arranged
in the three states of matter for water. (can be a link).
9.
Describe the scientific method/process and how each step correlates to
your own experiments.
The
scientific method is a tool for scientists to use to organize and create effective
experiments. The process, when followed, ensures that the person doing the
experiment thinks of the different variables needed to carry out a quality experiment.
The scientific method begins with doing research and finding out things that
will help you make a hypothesis and carry out the experiment. I did this with
each of my three experiments by thinking about what I knew previously about
water and the processes of freezing and boiling. Next, one must identify the
problem or reason for the experiment. My problem for these experiments was that
I did not know which type of water (hot or cold, or salt or regular) would
freeze or boil the quickest. My reason for doing the experiments was the figure
this out.
The
next, and possibly the most important, step in the scientific method is to
develop a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess that you think will be
the outcome for the experiment. Throughout the rest of the process you are
working to prove or disprove this hypothesis, and it sets up your experiment
and acts as a pathway for it to follow. My hypotheses were that cold water will
freeze faster than hot water; cold water boils faster than hot water;
and salt water freezes slower than regular water. After
forming a hypothesis, one must create and carry out an experiment that will
test this hypothesis. My processes were similar in the fact that they all
involved measuring, heating or cooling until boiling or freezing, timing the
process, and repeating the procedures to obtain different trials of data. In an
experiment it is also important to define variables including your independent
and dependent variables and the controlled variables in your experiment. My independent
variables were either the temperature of water or the type of water, and my
dependent variables were always time it took to boil or freeze. Throughout the
experiment it is important to stay consistent so that your data is not a
misrepresentation of what you are trying to test, and always report the correct
data. Finally you should analyze your data and make conclusions about your
experiment. My conclusions were that cold water freezes faster than hot water, hot
water boils faster than cold water, and salt
water freezes slower than regular water
10.
Talk about the reproducibility of the experiment? What are the average
values?
The
reproducibility of each experiment is important to determine the overall impact
that the experiment has on the given question. I repeated and reproduced each
experiment to obtain results that I could then analyze to determine what
actually happens for each situation that I tested. I did each experiment three
times and sometimes the resulted varied but other times they were pretty
similar.
For
the first experiment the average time for the hot water to freeze was 42.6667
minutes and 39.6667 minutes for the cold water to freeze. For the second
experiment the average time it took the hot water to boil was 3 minutes and 33
seconds and about 4 minutes for the cold water to boil. For the third
experiment the average time it took for the salt water to freeze was 71.3333 minutes
and 56 minutes for the regular water to freeze. Since I reproduced the
experiment three times each I was able to find the averages for the time it
took for each to perform the intended result (freezing or boiling).
11.
Write a three paragraph statement about your experiment and connections
to a real--‐world application. First paragraph: Intro of the science concepts.
Second paragraph describe your experiment, data and conclusions. Third
paragraph: Apply your science concepts and knowledge to a real--‐world
application. After reading these paragraphs, a person should realize why these science
concepts are important while gaining knowledge related to the topic.
The
scientific method is essential in scientific discovery and inquiry. It sets the
stage for your experiment and discovery of different science concepts and
ideas. The scientific method is a scientific procedure that has been utilized
since 17th century and has allowed for great discoveries in all
areas of science. It consists of scientific observation, measurement,
experimentation, as well as formulating, testing, and modifying hypotheses. This
method is simple in nature and is an organized and concise way to develop an
experiment and present findings. Using the scientific method leads to drawing
conclusions and formulating theories to explain your experiment and what happened.
For
these experiments, I implemented the scientific method to test my hypotheses to
the questions: does hot water or cold water freeze faster, does hot water
or cold water boil faster, and does salt water freeze faster or slower than
regular water. My processes for the experiments were thought out, clear, and
allowed me to draw conclusions from the data that I collected. For my first
experiment the average time for hot water to freeze was 42.6667
minutes and the average time for cold water to freeze was 39.6667 minutes. My second experiment yielded results that had
an average time for hot water to boil to be 3 minutes
and 33 seconds and the average time for cold water to boil to be 4 minutes. My final experiment had results that showed that the
average time for regular water to freeze was 56 minutes
and the average time for salt water to freeze was 71.3333 minutes.
When my experiments and data collection were complete, I analyzed my results to
find out that cold water freezes faster than hot water,
hot water boils faster than cold water, and salt water freezes slower than
regular water. Two of my hypotheses were correct (experiment #1 and experiment
#3) and one was incorrect (experiment #2).
After doing these
experiments, I now have a better understanding of the world around me and
processes that occur in my daily life. By knowing that cold water freezes
faster than hot water I can apply that to making ice cubes. I will now know
that to get the process done in a faster time I should use cold water. I also
love to cook and my favorite food is pasta. When I am making pasta I always
used to put cold water in the pot because that is normally what would come out
of my faucet. Now I know that I should get the water to run hot first so that
when I put it on the stove it takes less time to boil and that means I get my
pasta even sooner. The salt water and regular water freezing was the situation
where I was almost positive about what I thought would happen. Oceans have salt
water and freshwater lakes and rivers do not have salt water. It takes much
longer for an ocean to completely freeze over, where it takes freshwater lakes
and rivers less time to develop and ice cover. Additionally, in the winter we
use salt to make sure the sidewalks aren’t slippery and to melt the ice which
indicates that water with ice takes more time to freeze over. These experiments
seemed pretty basic but they are important things to know in life, and although
common sense may tell us some of the answers I am now more knowledgeable about
the topics after conducting my experiments.
Sources:
Encyclopedia
Britannica, Inc. "Oxygen: Water Molecule." Encyclopedia Britannica
for Kids. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013. Web. 15 July 2013.
Excellent.
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